Which of the following lists the correct order of the life cycle of massive stars? a. Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red supergiant --> supernova --> blackhole
b. Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> red giant --> planetary nebula --> white dwarf --> black dwarf
c. Nebula --> protostar --> main sequence --> supernova --> red giant --> blackhole
d. Nebula --> protostar --> blackhole --> red supergiant --> supernova --> main sequence

Consider a file currently consisting of 200 blocks. assume that the file control block (and the index block in the case of indexed allocation) is already in memory. calculate how many disk i/o operations are required for contiguous, linked, and indexed (single-level) allocation strategies, for each of the conditions listed below. in the contiguous-allocation case, assume that there is not room to grow at the beginning but there is room to grow at the end. also assume that the block information to be added is stored in memory.