A space shuttle astronaut has a mass of 110 kg with her space suit on. She is on a space walk and picks up a full can of spray with a mass of 20.6 kg. Relative to the space shuttle, she is at rest. She then holds the can directly in front of her centre of mass to avoid rotation and releases 5.0 kg of spray at a speed of 15.6 m/s . Her speed, relative to the space shuttle, when she has stopped spraying is approximately

b. lifting dumbbell weight at 20-degree angle from the body after a 45-degree angle

bacteria that live on the ocean floor are sustained by phytoplankton. phytoplankton, microscopic marine photosynthetic organisms, have a vastly significant role to play not only in the marine food web of which they’re part of, but also on a more global scale. despite their infinitely small size in comparison to other marine organisms, these tiny creatures occupy an immensely important ecological niche: they are the foundation of the marine food web, and as primary producers, play key roles in supporting all other organisms in the marine environment, as well as in the regulation of the earth’s climate through the sequestration of carbon, oxygen production, and other related processes. phytoplankton account for roughly half of all global primary productivity; therefore, their significance extends far beyond the marine environment alone. there is an intriguing sense of irony in the realization that these tiny living beings that often live out their existence unnoticed and undetected by the rest of the world, have such a far-reaching impact on the lives of virtually all other living organisms on the planet, particularly on those in the marine environment. the world that we have become accustomed to has been and is continuously shaped by the workings of these miniscule yet vital “plants of the sea”.

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