A block of mass M is connected by a string and pulley to a hanging mass m. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block M and the table is 0.2, and also, M = 20 kg, m = 10 kg. Find the acceleration of the system and tensions on the string.

The free body diagram for the block of mass M consists of four forces:

• the block's weight, Mg, pointing downward

• the normal force of the table pushing upward on the block, also with magnitude Mg

• kinetic friction with magnitude µMg = 0.2 Mg, pointing to the left

• tension of magnitude T pulling the block to the right

For the block of mass m, there are only two forces:

• its weight, mg, pulling downward

• tension T pulling upward

The m-block will pull the M-block toward the edge of the table, so we take the right direction to be positive for the M-block, and downward to be positive for the m-block.

Newton's second law gives us

T - 0.2Mg = Ma

mg - T = ma

where a is the acceleration of either block/the system. Adding these equations together eliminates T and we can solve for a :

mg - 0.2 Mg = (m + M) a

a = (m - 0.2M) / (m + M) g

a = 1.96 m/s²

Then the tension in the string is

T = m (g - a)

T = 78.4 N