The average velocity formula?

What is the earliest point in the universe that we can observe? why can’t we see back further than this?

Acylinder with a movable piston contains 11.7 moles of a monatomic ideal gas at a pressure of 1.32×10^5 pa. the gas is initially at a temperature of 300 k. an electric heater adds 43200 j of energy into the gas while the piston moves in such a way that the pressure remains constant. cp=20.79 j k^−1 mol^−1 for a monatomic ideal gas, and that the number of gas molecules is equal to avogadro's number (6.022×10^23) times the number of moles of the gas. (a) what is the temperature of the gas after the energy is added? (b) what is the change in volume of the gas? (c) how much work is done by the gas during this process?

The bar of prob. 5/82 is repeated here. the ends of the 0.4-m bar remain in contact with their re- spective support surfaces. end b has a velocity of 0.5 m/s and an acceleration of 0.3 m/s2 in the di- rections shown. determine the angular accelera- tion of the bar and the acceleration of end a.