an incandescent lightbulb has a power of 60 w and an efficiency of 1.7%. A CFL bulb has a power of 18 W and an efficiency of 8.5% how much energy is used when the incandescent bulb is left on for 12 hour?

Ahydroelectric plant takes energy from water and turns it into electrical energy. what are the transformations of energy in the water molecules that are used in the process of generating electricity this way?

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

Which one of the following research methods can show cause and effect