B) The resistivity of tungsten at the lamp's working temperature is 4 x 10-72m. The total length of the tungsten filament is 0.80 m. Estimate theradius of the filament.

answer: the correct answer is 1.

explanation: there are various process in which a radioactive nuclei decays:

1) alpha decay: in this process, a heavier nuclei decays into lighter nuclei by releasing alpha particle. the mass number is reduced by 4 units.

2) electron capture: in this decay process, a parent nuclei absorbs an electron and gets converted into a neutron. simply, a proton and an electron combines together to form a neutron. mass number does not change in this process.

3) gamma ray emission: it is a decay process in which an unstable nuclei gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. this decay releases . this process does not change the mass number.

4) positron emission: it is a type of decay process, in which a proton gets converted to neutron and an electron neutrino. this is also known as -decay. in this the mass number remains same.

from the above information, we see that only alpha-decay is producing a change in the mass number of the nucleus.

c) up is the direction the magnetic force is acting on the charge.

answer a fan shaped mass of sediment deposited at the base of a mountain front do to an abrupt change in stream gradient;

it is b. absorbs thermal energy