Cold packs are designed to become very cold when activated. When the pack is activated, a chemical reaction occurs to make the temperature of the cold pack decrease. What must be true of this chemical reaction? (2 points) The reaction releases energy to its surroundings. The reaction releases energy to its surroundings. The products and reactants have the same amount of energy. The products and reactants have the same amount of energy. The products have less energy than the reactants. The products have less energy than the reactants. The reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings.

Aboxcar traveling at 12 m/s approaches a string of 5 identical boxcars sitting stationary on the track. the moving boxcar collides and links with the stationary cars and they all move off together along the track. what is the final speed of the cars immediately after the collision? (you may take the mass of each boxcar to be 18,537 kg.)

Suppose water is leaking from a tank through a circular hole of area ah at its bottom. when water leaks through a hole, friction and contraction of the stream near the hole reduce the volume of water leaving the tank per second to cah 2gh , where c (0 < c < 1) is an empirical constant. a tank in the form of a right-circular cone standing on end, vertex down, is leaking water through a circular hole in its bottom. (assume the removed apex of the cone is of negligible height and volume.) (a) suppose the tank is 20 feet high and has radius 8 feet and the circular hole has radius 2 inches. the differential equation governing the height h in feet of water leaking from a tank after t seconds is dh dt = − 5 6h3/2 . if the height of the water is initially 8 feet, how long will it take the tank to empty? (round your answer to two decimal places.)

The frequency of vibrations of a vibrating violin string is given by f = 1 2l t ρ where l is the length of the string, t is its tension, and ρ is its linear density.† (a) find the rate of change of the frequency with respect to the following. (i) the length (when t and ρ are constant) (ii) the tension (when l and ρ are constant) (iii) the linear density (when l and t are constant) (b) the pitch of a note (how high or low the note sounds) is determined by the frequency f. (the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.) use the signs of the derivatives in part (a) to determine what happens to the pitch of a note for the following. (i) when the effective length of a string is decreased by placing a finger on the string so a shorter portion of the string vibrates df dl 0 and l is ⇒ f is ⇒ (ii) when the tension is increased by turning a tuning peg df dt 0 and t is ⇒ f is ⇒ (iii) when the linear density is increased by switching to another string df dρ 0 and ρ is ⇒ f is ⇒