Scuba divers carry ballast weights to have neutral buoyancy. At that condition, the buoyancy force on the diver exactly balances weight, and there is no tendency either to float toward the surface or to sink. In freshwater, a certain diver carries 10 lb of lead alloy ballast of density 1.1 x 104 kg/m3. During an excursion in seawater, the diver must carry 50% more ballast to remain neutrally buoyant. How much does this diver weigh

732.96 N

Explanation:

In fresh water the diver carries ; 10 Ib of lead alloy = 44.5 N

Ballast density : 1.1 * 10^4 kg/m^3

Diver must carry 59% more ballast in seawater

first step : For fresh water

mass of lead alloy in freshwater

mf = wf /g  = 44.5 N / 9.81 = 4.536 kg

Volume of lead alloy ballast in fresh water

Vf = mf / plead  

    = ( 4.536 ) / ( 1.1 * 10^4 ) = 4.1 * 10^ -4 m^3

Second step : For sea water

mass of alloy in seawater

Ms = Ws / g

Ws = 10 Ib + 5 Ib = 15 Ib = 66.75 N

hence ; Ms = 66.75 / 9.81 = 6.804 kg

Volume of alloy in seawater

Vs = Ms / plead  = 6.804 / ( 1.1 * 10^4 ) = 6.2 * 10^-4 m^3

Next : considering the diver in freshwater with Ballast weight

= weight of diver + ballast weight (Wf) = ( pfresh * ( V + Vf ) ) * g    ( 1 )

where : pfresh = 1000 kg/m^3 , Vf = 4.1 * 10^-4 m^3,  g = 9.81 , Wf = 44.5 N

hence equation 1 becomes

W + 44.5  = 9810 * V + 4.1

W + 40.4 = 9810 V ( 3 )

Considering Diver in seawater with Ballast weight

weight of diver + ballast weight (Ws) = ( psea * ( V + Vs ) ) * g   ( 2 )

where : psea = 1026 kg/m^3 , Vs = 6.2 * 10^-4 m^3 , g = 9.81 , Ws = 66.75 N

equation 1 becomes

W + 66.75 = 10065.06 * V + 6.2

W + 60.55 = 10065.06 V

∴ V = ( W + 60.55 )/ 10065.06 (  Input value into equation 3 to determine the weight of the diver )

W + 40.4  = 9810 (  ( W + 60.55 )/ 10065.06  )

10065.6 ( W + 40.4 ) = 9810 ( W + 60.55 )  

10065.6 W - 9810 W = 593995.5 - 406650.24

∴ W ( weight of diver ) = 187345.26 / 255.6  = 732.96 N

hi there!

your question asks at which segment does freezing occur.

since we're talking about water, the freezing point of water will be 32 degrees fahrenheit or below.

hope this ! ~