What is a difference between a law and a hypothesis?

a. a law describes how two variables affect each other, but a hypothesis only discusses one variable.
b. a law must be testable so that it can be proven, but a hypothesis is an untestable explanation.
c. a hypothesis includes an explanation for why two variables affect each other, but a law only describes how they affect each other.
d. a hypothesis may or may not be testable, but a law is an untestable explanation of why two variables affect each other and cannot be proven.

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

Asmall object with mass 0.200 kg swings back and forth on the lower end of a light rope that is 3.00 m long. the upper end of the rope is attached to the ceiling. as the object swings through its lowest position, where the rope is vertical, the speed of the object is 5.80 m/s. at this point in the motion, what is the tension in the rope? (use g = 9.80 m/s2.)

Which of the following is the phase that results when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from the sun? a. quarter moon b. crescent moon c. new moon d. full moon