If the photon scatters in the backward direction, what is the magnitude of the linear momentum of the electron just after the collision with the photon

Momentum is a vector quantity, and is always conserved. Whenever a collision occurs between two objects, the objects behave under the principle of conservation of momentum. Therefore, if an object moves in the direction opposite to its original direction after a collision, then this indicates that the momentum of the colliding object was greater than the object under consideration. 

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Because they're in different places for this the temperature varies.