How is the behavior of waves affected by a medium?

Explain why you think this diagram shows what happened to the carbon in the biodome.

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?

What will happen in a hybrid vehicle if current flow becomes too high due to a short?