Which term is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material it is passing through?

a. index of refraction
b. index of reflection
c. angle of reflection
d. angle of incidence

The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is 12 w/m^2. part a) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=0∘ with the plane of polarization? part b) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=30∘ with the plane of polarization? part c) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=45∘ with the plane of polarization? part d) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=60∘ with the plane of polarization? part e) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=90∘ with the plane of polarization?

How would a small bar magnet be oriented when placed at position x?

How to tell if a molecule is polar or nonpolar with electronegativity