Awildlife biologist examines for a genetic trait he suspects may be linked to sensitivity to industrial toxins in the environment . previous research had established that this trait is found in one of every 8 dogs. he collects and examines a dozen dogs if the frequency of the trait has not changed what is the probability he finds the trait in none of the dogs

Engineers find a new metal that is stronger than steel but much lighter. this material is also significantly cheaper than what is currently used for most aircraft, available in large quantities, and easy to manufacture. the engineers are excited because this new material will lower the costs of buying and operating airplanes for companies. what is probably the best step for the engineers to make next?