Using a cathode ray tube, thomson confirmed that

atoms must have an overall positive charge.

atoms are made of particles that have a negative charge.

electrons in atoms must have varying amounts of energy.

electrons are only found in the nucleus.

Option (B) is correct .i.e. atoms are made of particles that have negative charge.

Further explanation:

Using cathode ray tube, J.J Thomson found that something emits from the negative plate (called as cathode) and goes towards the positive plate (called as anode), and on applying zinc sulfide (also called phosphor) coating on the perforated anode, it shows green fluorescence at some particular values of pressure and temperature.

William Crookes called them the cathode rays as were originated from cathode. Further, Atoms are overall neutral having equal amounts of positive and negative charge as he explained in his plum pudding model.

Although, electrons in atoms have varying energy but this was not confirmed by J.J. Thomson, also electrons can’t be inside nucleus because this would make atoms very unstable.

Some of the properties of those cathode rays are as follows:

(1). They are made up of material particles (they made the light wheels rotate that come in their path).

(2). The green fluorescence was also observed when he putted two more plates perpendicular to the earlier path and the rays followed a curved path towards the new anode.

(3). They has an ionizing property (they ionizes the gas present in the cathode ray tube, through which they pass).

Thus, Option (B) is correct because the cathode rays are emitted from the metallic plate which’s atoms have particles having negative charge.

Learn More:

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Modern physics

Keywords:

Atoms, cathode, cathode rays, cathode ray tubes, J.J. Thomson, negatively charged particles, nucleus, energy, varying energy, electrons, green fluorescence, phosphor, anode, protons, pressure, temperature, William Crookes.

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