Why is the period of the gupta empire referred to as the golden age of india?

a) it was a period in which the rajputs emerged.

b) it was a period in which the guptas conquered the romans.

c) it was a time in which religion became less important.

d) it was a time of peace and prosperity.

An alpha particle with kinetic energy 12.5 mev makes a collision with lead nucleus, but it is not "aimed" at the center of the lead nucleus, and has an initial nonzero angular momentum (with respect to the stationary lead nucleus) of magnitude l = p0 b, where p0 is the magnitude of the initial momentum of the alpha particle and b=1.40×10−12 m. (assume that the lead nucleus remains stationary and that it may be treated as a point charge. the atomic number of lead is 82. the alpha particle is a helium nucleus, with atomic number 2.) what is the distance of closest approach?