Which pair of elements is most likely to chemically combine and form ionic bonds?
a) chlorine and chlorine
b) lithium and chlorine
c) carbon and hydrogen
d) sulfur and oxygen

Can someone explain to me how to do this problem ?

Acoil formed by wrapping 80 turns of wire in the shape of a square is positioned in a magnetic field so that the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 28.0° with the direction of the field. when the magnetic field is increased uniformly from 200 µt to 600 µt in 0.400 as, an emf of magnitude 80.0 mv is induced in the coil. what is the total length of the wire?

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.