Which of these most likely causes an annular solar eclipse?

a. moon moving closer to earth than sun and forming a triangle
b. earth moving closer to sun than moon and forming a triangle
c. the moon at apogee coming between earth and the sun along a straight line
d. the moon at perigee coming between earth and the sun along a straight line

C.the moon at apogee coming between Earth and the sun along a straight line

Explanation:

As we know that Earth rotate about the sun in elliptical orbit as one of the planet.

While moon rotate about the Earth similarly as one of the satellite around it

now when moon, Sun and Earth all lie in the same line such that position of moon is between the positions of Sun and Earth then in this case the light coming from sun is totally bounded by the position of moon

This situation of moon is known as Solar Eclipse

so here during the motion if the moon at apogee coming between Earth and the sun along a straight line then it is the most likely cause of annular solar eclipse.

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this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!