What is the basis for dividing the atmosphere into layers

Acombination reaction is when two or more combine to form one product. a decomposition reaction is when a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances in a chemical reaction.

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in hf according to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in hf 2s on h and 2p on f 1s on h and 2s on f 1s on h and 1p on f 1s on h and 2p on f 1s on h and 3p on f

Two charged particles, q1 and q2, are located on the x-axis, with q1 at the origin and q2 initially at x1 = 12.2 mm. in this configuration, q1 exerts a repulsive force of 2.62 µn on q2. particle q2 is then moved to x2 = 18.0 mm. what is the force (magnitude and direction) that q2 exerts on q1 at this new location? (give the magnitude in µn.)