What does "no reference to direction of motion mean"?

Explanation:

its means the quantity in question is a scalar quantity, has only magnitude but no direction, for example. speed,has no reference to direction of motion, since the speed of a body say 5 m/s( the direction of the body has not been stated) but the velocity of a body say 5m/s to the east has a reference to direction of the motion.

That's why velocity is different from speed

a) electrical > light, sound, and thermal< < < <

) the mechanical energy of the firefighter moving.< < < < a) electrical > light, sound, and thermal< < < <

c) both a and b.

air exerts forces on falling objects near earth’s surface.

explanation:

the term 'free falls' refer to object that are falling towards the earth, in a situation in which gravity is the only force acting on the object.

for an object in free fall, the acceleration is constant (g, the gravitational acceleration), and so the velocity of the object constantly increases.

for objects near earth's surface, there is always another force acting on the object: the resistance due to the air. this force is opposed to the direction of fall of the object, and it is proportional to the velocity of the object, so as the object falls down, this force increases up to a point when it balances the force of gravity, and the object continues its motion at constant velocity (called terminal velocity). since in this case gravity is not the only force acting on the object, we are not in a situation of free fall.