. The p. d. at the terminals of a battery is 25V when no load is connected and 24V when a load taking 10A is connected. Determine the internal resistance of the battery.

This is the equivalent circuit of a battery. When there is no load, the voltage across the internal resistance is zero, so the voltage at the terminals is 25 volts. When there is 10 amps flowing, a voltage is dropped across the internal resistance, so the output is 24 volts. These voltages are relative to the negative terminal.

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