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What electron configurations do atoms usually achieve by sharing electrons to form covalent bonds?

I) a gas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two processes, a and b, between the same end states, 1 and 2, where p1 = 10 bar, v1 = 0.1 m3 , u1 = 400 kj and p2 = 1 bar, v2 = 1.0 m3 , u2 = 200 kj: ' process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure-volume relation is pv = constant. ' process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to state 2. kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, a) sketch the process on a p-v diagram. b) evaluate the work, in kj. c) evaluate the heat transfer, in kj.(ans : qb,12 = -65.0 kj)

Which of the following is not a double-replacement? a.) hno3 (aq) + kho (aq) -> h2o (l) + kno3 (aq)b.) ba(oh)2 (aq) + 2hclo4 (aq) -> ba(clo4)2 (aq) + 2h2o (l)c.) naoh (aq) + hcl (aq) -> h2o (aq) + nacl (s)d.) zn (s) + 2hcl (aq) -> h2 (g) + zncl2 (s)