9. Buffers do not minimize the effects of an acid or base on pH. 10. Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and another acid.
11. A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.
12. In filtering, a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.
13. Soaps are organic salts.

As you are trying to move a heavy box of mass m, you realize that it is too heavy for you to lift by yourself. there is no one around to , so you attach an ideal pulley to the box and a massless rope to the ceiling, which you wrap around the pulley. you pull up on the rope to lift the box. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity and neglect friction forces. once you have pulled hard enough to start the box moving upward, what is the magnitude f of the upward force you must apply to the rope to start raising the box with constant velocity? express the magnitude of the force in terms of m, the mass of the box.