Explain the hall effect

There is a theory that indicates that dinosaurs became extinct when about 65 million years ago, a large asteroid hit the earth surface. dust caused by this collision blocked the sunlight reaching the earth's surface and many forms of life became extinct due to the cold. fearing this threat, how large the radius of an asteroid should you be looking for if the dangerous asteroid size is approximately the same as the one that killed the dinosaurs? available data suggests that about 18% of that asteroid's mass ended up as a dust spread evenly over earth after eventually settling out of the upper atmosphere. about 0.0180 g/cm^2 of dust, which is chemically different than the earth's rock, covered the earth's surface. typical asteroids have a density of about 1.9 g/cm^3. now that we know the size of the asteroid, how much energy was released during impact, assuming all of it was just the kinetic energy of the asteroid right before the impact?

Consider two less-than-desirable options. in the first you are driving 30 mph and crash head-on into an identical car also going 30 mph. in the second option you are driving 30 mph and crash head-on into a stationary brick wall. in neither case does your car bounce off the thing it hits, and the collision time is the same in both cases. which of these two situations would result in the greatest impact force?

Oxygen gas enters well-insulated diffuser at 25 lbf/in.2, 420r, with a velocity of 860 ft/s through a flow area of 1.6 in.^2. at the exit, the flow area is 12 times the inlet area, and the velocity is 19 ft/s. the potential energy change from inlet to exit is negligible. assuming ideal gas behavior for the oxygen and steady-state operation of the diffuser, determine the following: (a) the exit temperature, in r(b) the exit pressure, in lbf/in.^2 (c) the mass flow rate, in lb/s