To stretch a certain nonlinear spring by an amount x requires a force F given by F = 40 x − 6 x 2 , where F is in Newtons and x is in meters. What is the change in potential energy ∆U when the spring is stretched 2 meters from its equilibrium position?

64 J

Explanation:

The potential energy change of the spring ∆U = -W where W = work done by force, F.

Now W = ∫F.dx

So, ∆U = - ∫F.dx = - ∫Fdxcos180 (since the spring force and extension are in opposite directions)

∆U = - ∫-Fdx

=  ∫F.dx

Since F = 40x - 6x² and x moves from x = 0 to x = 2 m, we integrate thus, ∆U =  ∫₀²F.dx

=  ∫₀²(40x - 6x²).dx

=  ∫₀²(40xdx - 6x²dx)

=  ∫₀²(40x²/2 - 6x³/3)

=  ∫₀²(20x² - 2x³)

= [20x² - 2x³]₀²

= [(20(2)² - 2(2)³) - (20(0)² - 2(0)³)

= [(20(4) - 2(8)) - (0 - 0))

= [80 - 16 - 0]

= 64 J

e/c, where e is its total energy