How does this diagram demonstrate the law of superposition?

well, as u can tell the top layer will always be the youngest layer aka the newest layer. The farther u go down the older the layers get. So the deeper u dig the farther back in time we see.

Explanation:

where’s the list ? the question is incomplete

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach