based on Newton's first law of motion describe what happens if you try and push a student. What happens if the student pushes back?

Also called the law of inertia, this is the most important thing to realize about motion.

Before Galileo and Newton, many people thought objects slowed down because they had a natural built in tendency to do so. But those people weren't taking into account the many forces—e.g., friction, gravity, and air resistance—here on Earth that cause objects to change their velocity. If we could observe the motion of an object in deep interstellar space, we would be able to observe the natural tendencies of an object's motion free from any external influences. In deep interstellar space, we would observe that if an object had a velocity, it would continue moving with that velocity until there was some force to cause a change in the motion. Similarly, if an object were at rest in interstellar space, it would remain at rest until there was a force to cause it to change its motion.
In the video below, we can see that objects in the international space station either remain at rest or continue with constant velocity relative to the space station until acted upon by a force.