A piece of aluminum and a piece of cotton are rubbed together. The piece of cotton is brought very close to the top of the metal electroscope and the electroscope is permanently charged by induction. What charge does the electroscope have?

Asheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200oc and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10- 11 m2 /s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m2 -s. also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3 . how far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3 ? assume a linear concentration profile.

(a) if the pressure in gas is doubled while its volume is held constant, by what factor do (i) vrms and (ii) change? (b) is it possible to boil water at room temperature (20oc) without heating it? explain.

The protons in a nucleus are approximately 2 ✕ 10^−15 m apart. consider the case where the protons are a distance d = 1.93 ✕ 10^−15 m apart. calculate the magnitude of the electric force (in n) between two protons at this distance.