HELP PLEASE In the formulas for latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization, what does Q represent?
the amount of heat released or absorbed by a substance
the mass of a substance
the amount of a substance that changes state
the temperature of a substance

Aparticle of mass m is projected with an initial velocity v0 in a direction making an angle α with the horizontal level ground as shown in the figure. the motion of the particle occurs under a uniform gravitational field g pointing downward. (a) write down the lagrangian of the system by using the cartesian coordinates (x, y). (b) is there any cyclic coordinate(s). if so, interpret it (them) physically. (c) find the euler-lagrange equations. find at least one constant of motion. (d) solve the differential equation in part (c) and obtain x and y coordinates of the projectile as a function of time. (e) construct the hamiltonian of the system, h, and write down the hamilton’s equations (canonical equations) of motion.

How will the system respond to a temperature increase?

What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity- time graph?