Engineers were planning to install decorative columns made of marble, of density 2560kg/m cubed, in front of a building. The columns were 2.72m tall and of radius 45 cm a) Calculate the mass of column

ii) Calculate the pressure exerted by each column on the ground

iii) Engineers found out that the ground beneath the columns would not withstand the pressure calculated in c(ii). Suggest 1 possible change to each column, the engineers do , to solve this problem

See the answers below.

Explanation:

We must apply the definition of density which is the ratio of mass to volume.

where:

Ro = density = 2560 [kg/m³]

m = mass [kg]

v = volume [m³]

With the column height data and column radius we can calculate the volume, since it resembles the volume of a cylinder. In this way the volume of a cylinder is defined by the following expression.

where:

r = radius = 45 [cm] = 0.45 [m]

h = height = 2.72 [m]

a)

The mass can be calculated as follows.

ii)

Pressure is defined as the relationship of force over an area.

The area can be calculated with the radius of the cylinder.

Therefore

iii)

If the pressure is very large we must analyze the pressure equation again.

We can see that the pressure depends on the strength (weight) and the area of the column. In this way if we increase the value of the area (denominator) we see that the pressure decreases.

If the new Radius is 50 [cm] = 0.5 [m]

Now we can calculate again the pressure.

We can see the reduction in pressure.

causes

fossil fuels burn

cities become more industrialized

human population grows worldwide