Refraction occurs through a glass slab why

Afrequency generator sends a 550 hz sound wave through both water and ice. what is the difference in wavelength between the wave produced in ice and the wave produced in water?

Aproton is shot from the negative disk toward the positive disk. what launch speed must the proton have to just barely reach the positive disk?

An air standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes. 1-2 isentropic compression 100 kpa and 22°c to 600 kpa 2-3 v=constant heat addition to 1500 k 3-4 isentropic expansion to 100 kpa 4-1 p=constant heat rejection to initial state (a) show the cycle on p-v and t-s s (b) calculate the net work output per unit mass (409 kj/kg) (c) determine the thermal efficiency (47.9%)