A ring of charge with uniform charge density is completely enclosed in a hollow doughnut shape. An exact copy of the ring is completely enclosed in a hollow sphere. What is the ratio of the flux out of the doughnut shape to that of the sphere

Iflow from a warmer object to a cooler object until both objects are the same temperature what am i?

Use the right-hand rule for magnetic force to determine the charge on the moving particle. this is a charge.

To understand the behavior of the electric field at the surface of a conductor, and its relationship to surface charge on the conductor. a conductor is placed in an external electrostatic field. the external field is uniform before the conductor is placed within it. the conductor is completely isolated from any source of current or charge. part a: which of the following describes the electric field inside this conductor? it is in the same direction as the original external field.it is in the opposite direction from that of the original external field.it has a direction determined entirely by the charge on its surface.it is always zero. part b: the charge density inside the conductor is: 0non-zero; but uniformnon-zero; non-uniforminfinite part c: assume that at some point just outside the surface of the conductor, the electric field has magnitude e and is directed toward the surface of the conductor. what is the charge density η on the surface of the conductor at that point? express your answer in terms of e and ϵ0