Birds cause a lot of damage to airplanes every year. To study this problem, the U. S. Air Force invented a chicken cannon. Air Force scientists use the cannon to shoot chicken bodies at airplanes in controlled tests. Then they analyze the damage the chicken bodies caused. Evaluate this model. In what way do you think it is helpful? What are some of its limitations?

Describe the path of a ray that approaches a mirror parallel to the principal axis.

What is the earliest point in the universe that we can observe? why can’t we see back further than this?

Search coils and credit cards. one practical way to measure magnetic field strength uses a small, closely wound coil called a search coil. the coil is initially held with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field. the coil is then either quickly rotated a quarter-turn about a diameter or quickly pulled out of the field. (a) derive the equation relating the total charge q that flows through a search coil to the magnetic-field magnitude b. the search coil has n turns, each with area a, and the flux through the coil is decreased from its initial maximum value to zero in a time ∆t. the resistance of the coil is r, and the total charge is q = i∆t, where i is the average current induced by the change in flux. (b) in a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly “swiped” past a coil within the reader. explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip. (c) is it necessary that the credit card be “swiped” through the reader at exactly the right speed? why or why not?