The picture above shows a paintball gun that can fire a paintball with different initial velocities. A student shoots the paintball gun across level ground, and notices that
the paintball takes a certain amount of time to hit the ground when it is at a low
velocity. Explain why the student would expect the paintball would take the same
amount of time to hit the ground when it is fired with a higher initial velocity.

Mass (kg) force (n) 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100 a student was trying to find the relationship between mass and force. he placed four different masses on a table and pulled them using a spring scale. the table shows the different masses used in the experiment and the force required to pull each mass. the student concluded that more force was required to pull heavier objects. what comment would you make regarding his conclusion? a) no clear relation can be observed between mass and force from the data. b) there is a direct proportion between the mass and force listed in the table. c) gravity should have been taken into account while performing the experiment. d) there is an inverse proportion between the mass and force listed in the table.

An alligator swims to the left with a constant velocity of 5 \,\dfrac{\text{m}}{\text s}5 s m ? 5, space, start fraction, m, divided by, s, end fraction. when the alligator sees a bird straight ahead, the alligator speeds up with a constant acceleration of 3 \,\dfrac{\text {m}}{\text s^2}3 s 2 m ? 3, space, start fraction, m, divided by, s, start superscript, 2, end superscript, end fraction leftward until it reaches a final velocity of 35 \,\dfrac{\text {m}}{\text s}35 s m ? 35, space, start fraction, m, divided by, s, end fraction leftward. how many seconds does it take the alligator to speed up from 5 \,\dfrac{\text {m}}{\text s}5 s m ? 5, space, start fraction, m, divided by, s, end fraction to 35 \,\dfrac{\text {m}}{\text s}35 s m ? 35, space, start fraction, m, divided by, s, end fraction?

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.