Why the efficiency of the single movable pully system is not 100%

Astronomers discover an exoplanet (a planet of a star other than the sun) that has an orbital period of 3.87 earth years in its circular orbit around its sun, which is a star with a measured mass of 3.59 x 1030 kg. find the radius of the exoplanet's orbit.

Aboxcar traveling at 12 m/s approaches a string of 5 identical boxcars sitting stationary on the track. the moving boxcar collides and links with the stationary cars and they all move off together along the track. what is the final speed of the cars immediately after the collision? (you may take the mass of each boxcar to be 18,537 kg.)

2kg of refrigerant 134a undergoes a polytropic process in a piston-cylinder assembly from an initial state of saturated vapor at 2 bar to a final state of 12 bar, 80 degree c. a)determine the work for the process in kj. b)sketch the process on a p-v diagram.