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If one were to put the y value into the equation, they could find out what x is for a certain value of y.  putting in the value of y (1), we get the equation: 1=4x-12=4xx=0.5this means that the value of x when why is 1 is x=0.5

Ohm's law tells you that i = v/r where v is equivalent voltage and r is equivalent resistance of the circuit
since all circuits have the same voltage, your question is really asking which circuit has the lowest total resistance, since the lower the resistance, the higher the current
circuit a has a resistance of 5 ohms; circuit c is in series so has a resistance of 10 ohms; circuit b is in parallel and therefore has a resistance of 2.5 ohms (review your notes on adding resistances in parallel and series); therefore b has the highest current