A large novelty pencil is dropped from the top of central stairs and is pulled with 4.8 newtons of force, how much force is the pencil pulling the earth with

Scientists follow specific processes in order to determine valid explanations and conclusions from observations. david observed strange lights in the sky above his home outside of roswell, new mexico. the only explanation that makes sense to him is that there are ufos in the area. what should david do next to verify his explanation?