What is the motion of the particles in this kind of wave? The particles will move up and down over large areas.

The particles will move up and down over small areas.

The particles will move side to side over small areas.

The particles will move side to side over large areas.

Materials will have different energies associated with the electrons inside them. this is related to how strongly bound they are by their work function. if we sandwich a material with a very low energy between two materials with a high energy, we create a trap for an electron. if this trap is very narrow in one direction in comparison to the others, this is approximately a 1-dimensional box that confines the electron. what is the lowest energy of an electron in the box if the thinnest direction across the materials is 4.81 nm?