A potential difference of 107 mV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. How much work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na ) from the interior of the cell?

The workdone is    

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

    The potential difference is  

Generally the charge on   is  

 Generally the workdone is mathematically represented as

=>        

=>        

magnitude and direction

scientific laws are the result of testing theories and proving them to be facts.