In her hand, a softball pitcher swings a ball of mass 0.245 kg around a vertical circular path of radius 59.8 cm before releasing it from her hand. The pitcher maintains a component of force on the ball of constant magnitude 30.9 N in the direction of motion around the complete path. The speed of the ball at the top of the circle is 16.0 m/s. If she releases the ball at the bottom of the circle, what is its speed upon release?

The velocity is

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

   The mass of the ball is  

   The radius is  

   The force is  

   The speed of the ball is  

Generally the kinetic energy at the top of the circle is mathematically represented as

=>  

=>  

Generally the work done by the force applied on the ball from the top to the bottom  is mathematically represented as

Here  d is the length of  a semi - circular arc which is mathematically represented as

So

Generally the kinetic energy at the bottom is mathematically represented as

=>    

=>  

From the law of energy conservation

=>    

=>    

when it gains or loses electrons

i believe the answer would be:

d. violin, clarinet, french horn, and tuba