(II) A baseball pitcher throws a baseball with a speed of 43 ms. Estimate the average acceleration of the ball during the throwing motion. In throwing the baseball, the pitcher accelerates it through a displacement of about 3.5 m, from behind the body to the point where it is released

The average acceleration of the ball during the throwing motion is 265.14m/s².

In order to get the acceleration, the Newton's third law of motion will be used. This will be:

v² = u² + 2as

We'll make a to be the subject of the formula and this will be:

a = (v² - u²) / 2s

We'll plug in the value into the equation and this will be:

a = (43² - 0) / (2 × 3.5)

a = 1849 / 7

= 264.14 m/s²

Therefore, the acceleration is 265.14m/s.

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a = 264.14 m/s²

Explanation:

From the question;

Initial velocity; u will be 0 m/s since the ball will start from rest.

Final velocity; v = 43 m/s

distance covered by the motion; s = 3.5m

To get the acceleration, we will make use of Newton's third equation of motion which is;

v² = u² + 2as

Making a the subject, we have;

a = (v² - u²)/2s

Plugging in the relevant values to give;

a = (43² - 0)/(2 × 3.5)

a = 264.14 m/s²

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.