2. A 15 kg mass fastened to the end of a steel wire of un- stretched length 0.5 m is whirled in a vertical circle with an
angular velocity of 2 rev/s at the bottom of the circle. The cross
section of the wire is 0.02 cm2. Calculate the elongation of the
wire when the weight is at the lowest point of the path. Steel
has Y. M.= 2.0 x 1011 Pa. [1.66mm]

Explanation:

Elongation of the wire is:

ΔL = F L₀ / (E A)

where F is the force,

L₀ is the initial length,

E is Young's modulus,

and A is the cross sectional area.

ΔL = T (0.5 m) / ((2.0×10¹¹ Pa) (0.02 cm²) (1 m / 100 cm)²)

ΔL = T (1.25×10⁻⁶ m/N)

T = (80,000 N/m) ΔL

Draw a free body diagram of the mass at the bottom of the circle.  There are two forces: tension force T pulling up and weight force mg pulling down.

Sum of forces in the centripetal direction:

∑F = ma

T − mg = mv²/r

T − mg = mω²r

T − (15 kg) (9.8 m/s²) = (15 kg) (2 rev/s × 2π rad/rev)² (0.5 m + ΔL)

T − 147 N = (2368.7 N/m) (0.5 m + ΔL)

Substitute:

(80,000 N/m) ΔL − 147 N = (2368.7 N/m) (0.5 m + ΔL)

(80,000 N/m) ΔL − 147 N = 1184.35 N + (2368.7 N/m) ΔL

(797631.3 N/m) ΔL = 1331.35 N

ΔL = 0.00167 m

ΔL = 1.67 mm

electrical to thermal

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