Tech A says that an overdrive gear ratio means the input gear turns faster than the output gear. Tech B says that overdrive ratios provide less torque output than underdrive ratios. Who is correct?

Technician B only is correct

Explanation:

The gear ratio is the ratio of the output speed to the input speed such that an overdrive gear ratio of more than 1:1, having more speed per speed of engine rotation RPM

Overdrive ratios conditions is one where the vehicle wheels and speed is faster at a given engine rotation, such that there is fuel efficiency is increased as the engine rotation is low for a given speed and distance of travel.

the velocity you are looking for is made up of two parts: horizontally velocity, vh, and its vertical velocity, vv. the actual velocity of the ball will be these two parts added together, and because velocity is a vector then they will need to be added vectorially.  

neglecting air resistance etc etc.,  

the horizontal velocity component will be constant (because there is no accelerating force in the horizontal direction.  

vh = 8 ms-1  

the vertical velocity component has an accelerating force: 'g'.  

using v = u +at where a = g = 9.81 ms-2.  

the vertical component of velocity, vv = 0 + gt = vv =9.81 x 2  

vv = 19.62 ms-1 . the zero appears because the virtical component of velocity at time t=0 is zero. remember, the ball was thrown horizontally.  

how fast it will be moving (it actual path (being a parabola )) will be the vector sum of these two.  

adding vectorally gives: -  

v = sqr root (8^2 + 19.62^2) = sqr root(64+384.9) = 21.18 or 21.2 ms-1

the answer is 46 mls because when you add the speed per second it increses the speed