A charge +Q is located at the origin and a second charge, +4Q, is at distance (d) on the x-axis. a. Where should a third charge, Q , be placed, so that all three charges will be in equilibrium? Express your answer in terms of d.
b. What should be its sign, so that all three charges will be in equilibrium?
c. What should be its magnitude, so that all three charges will be in equilibrium? Express your answer in terms of Q.

a)   x = ⅔ d , b) the charge must be negative, c) Q

Explanation:

a) In this exercise the force is electric between the charges, we are asked that the system of the three charges is in equilibrium, we use Newton's second law. Balance is on the third load that we are placing

         ∑ F = 0

        -F₁₂ + F₂₃ = 0

         F₁₂ = F₂₃

let's replace the values

        k Q Q / r₁₂² = k Q 4Q / r₂₃²

            Q² / r₁₂² = 4 Q² / r₂₃²

suppose charge 3 is placed at point x

        r₁₂ = x

        r₂₃ = d-x

we substitute

             1 / x² = 4 / (d-x) 2

             1 / x = 2 / (d-x)

             x = 2 (x-d)

             x = 2x -2d

            3x = 2d

              x = ⅔ d

b) The sign of the charge must be negative, to have an attractive charge on the two initial charges

c)  Q

power out to power in less than 100%

current and voltage can both be different in different parts of a circuit so it matters where you place the ammeter and voltmete