The thermodynamic function that increases with the number of energetically equivalent ways to arrange components of a system to achieve a particular state is called .

Entropy

Explanation:

Entropy is the measure of randomness of a system. This is because it is determined by a number of random microscopic properties of the system like internal energy, heat, and work. These microscopic properties are consistent with the macroscopic properties of the system like temperature, pressure and volume. Entropy is an extensive property of a system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by the initial and final states of the system. Entropy increases with the number of energetically equivalent ways that the components  of system can be arranged to achieve a particular state.

the arctic is a region of the planet, north of the arctic circle, and includes the arctic ocean, greenland, baffin island, other smaller northern islands, and the far northern parts of europe, russia (siberia), alaska and canada.