One of the hazards facing humans in space is space radiation: high-energy charged particles emitted by the sun. during a solar flare, the intensity of this radiation can reach lethal levels. one proposed method of protection for astronauts on the surface of the moon or mars is an array of large, electrically charged spheres placed high above areas where people live and work. the spheres would produce a strong electric field e⃗ to deflect the charged particles that make up space radiation. the spheres would be similar in construction to a mylar balloon, with a thin, electrically conducting layer on the outside surface on which a net positive or negative charge would be placed. a typical sphere might be 5 m in diameter. suppose that to repel electrons in the radiation from a solar flare, each sphere must produce an electric field e⃗ of magnitude 1 × 106 n/c at 25 m from the center of the sphere. what is the magnitude of e just outside the surface of such a sphere

Apositive rod is placed to the left of sphere a, and the spheres are separated. which best describes the spheres? sphere a is negative and sphere b is positive because protons from sphere a are attracted to the rod and move to sphere b. sphere a is negative and sphere b is positive because electrons from sphere b are attracted to the rod and move to sphere a. sphere a is positive and sphere b is negative because electrons from the rod move to sphere b and protons then move to sphere a. sphere a is positive and sphere b is negative because protons move from sphere b to the rod and also to sphere a.

19. explain why a magnet from your refrigerator could not be used to lift something as heavy as a car. (chapter 7 – pages 202-203) 20. can a magnet ever have a single pole? explain your answer. (chapter 7 – page 208) 21. what happens to the wavelength of a wave if the frequency is increased? (chapter 9 – pages 280-281) 22. an ocean wave has a wavelength of 10 m and a frequency of 4.0 hz. what is the velocity of the wave? show the appropriate equation from your book and show your work with units. (chapter 9 – page 282) 23. as you sit outside, the sound of a siren becomes lower in pitch. is the emergency vehicle moving away from or towards you? explain how you know. (chapter 10 – page 315-316) 24. why are two astronauts in space unable to hear one another? (chapter 10 – page 307) 25. explain in at least 3 sentences how electromagnetic waves form. (chapter 11 – page 338-339) 26. using the chart on page 345 in your textbook, what are the three types of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light. give an example of each. (chapter 11 – pages 345-351) 27. explain why a leaf usually appears to be green, but a rose typically appears red. (chapter 12 – page 373) 28. what is the difference in light that is refracted compared to light that is reflected? think in terms of speed of light as well as what happens to light waves when they interact with a medium. (chapter 12 – pages 369-370) 29. how are concave and convex lenses different? (chapter 13 – page 408-410) 30. what type of mirror is used in rearview mirrors in cars? why is it important that these mirrors have the warning, “objects in mirror are closer than they appear.”? (chapter 13 – page 405)

Acamcorder has a power rating of 20 watts. if the output voltage from its battery is 9 volts, what current does it use?