A block rests on a frictionless horizontal surface and is attached to a spring. When set into simple harmonic motion, the block oscillates back and forth with an angular frequency of 8.1 rad/s. The drawing shows the position of the block when the spring is unstrained. This position is labeled x= 0 m. The drawing also shows a small bottle located 0.080 m to the right of this position. The block is pulled to the right, stretching the spring by 0.050 m, and is then thrown to the left. In order for the block to knock over the bottle, it must be thrown with a speed exceeding v0. Ignoring the width of the block, find v0.

v₀ = 0.5058 m/s

Explanation:

From the question, for the block to hit the bottle, the elastic potential energy of the spring at the bottle (x = 0.08 m) should be equal to the sum of the elastic potential energy of the spring at x = 0.05 m and the kinetic energy of block at x = 0.05 m

Now, the potential energy of the block at x = 0.08 m is ½kx²

where;

k is the spring constant given by; k = ω²m

ω is the angular velocity of the oscillation

m is the mass of the block.

Thus, potential energy of the spring at the bottle(x = 0.08 m) is;

U = ½ω²m(0.08m)²

Also, potential energy of the spring at the bottle(x = 0.05 m) is;

U = ½ω²m(0.05m)²

and the kinetic energy of the block at x = 0.05 m is;

K = ½mv₀²

Thus;

½ω²m(0.08)² = ½ω²m(0.05)² + ½mv₀²

Inspecting this, ½m will cancel out to give;

ω²(0.08)² = ω²(0.05)² + v₀²

Making v₀ the subject, we have;

v₀ = ω√((0.08)² - (0.05)²)

So,

v₀ = 8.1√((0.08)² - (0.05)²)

v₀ = 0.5058 m/s

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