Our Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1025 Watt. Her energies responsible for many processes and the habitable temperatures on the earth that
make our life possible.
a) Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day
b) To how many litres of heating oil (energy density 37.3 x 10^6 J/litre is the equivalent?
C) The Earth reflects 30% of this energy : Determine the temperature on Earth's sufact
d) what other factors should be considered to get an even more precisa temperature postiache
Note: The Earth's radius is 6370km; the Sun's sadius is 696 ×10^3km, I AU is 1.495 × 10^8km)

a)   E = 1.58 10²¹ J , b) Oil = 4,236 107 liter ,  e)   T = 54.3 C

Explanation:

a) To calculate the energy that reaches Earth, let us combine that the power emitted by the Sun is distributed uniformly on a spherical surface

     I = P / A

     A = 4π r²

in this case the radius of the sphere is the distance from the Sun to Earth r = 1.5 10¹¹ m

     I = P / A

     I = P / 4π r²

let's calculate

     I = 3,828 10²⁵/4 pi (1.5 10¹¹)²

     I = 1.3539 10²W / m² = 135.4 W / m2

the energy that reaches the disk of the Earth is

    E = I A

the area of a disc

    A = π r²

    E = I π r²

where r is the radius of the Earth 6.37 10⁶ m

     E = 135.4 π(6.37 10⁶)

     E = 1,726 10¹⁶ W

This is the energy per unit of time that reaches Earth

    t = 1 dai (24h / 1day) (3600s / 1h) = 86400 s

    E = 1,826 10¹⁶ 86400

     E = 1.58 10²¹ J

b) for this part we can use a direct proportions rule

      Oil = 1.58 10²¹ (1 / 37.3 10⁶)

      Oil = 4,236 10⁷ liter

c) to silence the surface temperature of the Earth we use the Stefan-Bolztman Law

       P = σ A e T⁴

       T =

nos indicate the refect, therefore the amount of absorbencies

       P_absorbed = 0.7 P

let's calculate

       T = REA (0.7 1.58 1021 / [pi (6.37 106) 2 1)

       T = RER (8,676 106)

       T = 54.3 C

b) Among the other factors that must be taken into account is the greenhouse effect, due to the absorption of gases from the atmosphere

they should be similar or the same