Which of the elements shown will form ions, what will be the charges of those ions and why will they have those charges?

How many protons and electrons will each of those elements have after forming ions, and how can you tell?

If you can help with one or both, that would be great :) stay safe

F, Cl will form ions, F^-1, Cl^-1.

Explanation:

F and Cl will form Ions because they are halogens. All halogens need one more electron to become stable like a noble gas.

for example:

cl has 17 electrons, and it will gain one electron so that it can have 18 just like neon. An addition of an electron would mean that (-1) would be added to cl.

NO PROTONS WILL BE CHANGED WHEN FORMING AN ION, IF PROTONS CHANGE YOU WILL HAVE A DIFFERENT ELEMENT. Protons DEFINE elements and their characteristics

All elements want to fill their outer valence shell, a shell of outer electrons, in order to become the most stable they can. The last group, 8A are the noble gasses, they represent the highest form of stability. They'd never become ions because they don't need to gain or lose electrons to become stable.

answer: the exterior temperature of commercial jet planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground increases steadily.

explanation:

the lower most layer of atmosphere is troposphere which extends from 0 to 12 km above the surface of the earth. the temperature initially decreases as distance is increased from the earth's surface. commercial jets fly in lower part of the stratosphere. the stratosphere extends upto 50 km. the temperature in stratosphere starts rising again due to presence of ozone which traps the uv rays.

thus, when the planes leave the stratosphere and return to the ground, the exterior temperature increases steadily.

if they have a finite resultant