Rank the following meteorites in terms of their age, from youngest to oldest:1) a meteorite containing 500 238U isotopes and 100 206Pb isotopes.2) a meteorite containing 400 238U isotopes and 100 206Pb isotopes.3) a meteorite containing 400,000 238U isotopes and 400,000 206Pb isotopes.4) a meteorite containing 4,000 238U isotopes and 200 206Pb isotopes.5) a meteorite containing 3,000 238U isotopes and 1,000 206Pb isotopes.

Explanation:

When 238U which is radioactive turns into 206Pb , it becomes stable and no further disintegration is done . Hence in the initial period ratio of 238U undecayed and 206Pb formed  will be very high because no of atoms of 238U in the beginning will be very high. Gradually number of 238U undecayed will go down and number of 206Pb formed will go up . In this way the ratio of 238U and 206Pb in the mixture will gradually reduce to be equal to one or even less than one .

In the given option we shall calculate their raio

1 ) ratio of 238U and 206Pb = 5

2 ) ratio of 238U and 206Pb = 4

3 )ratio of 238U and 206Pb = 1

4 ) ratio of 238U and 206Pb = 20

5 )ratio of 238U and 206Pb = 3

lowest ratio is 1 , hence this sample will be oldest.

Ranking from youngest to oldest

4 , 1 , 2 , 5 , 3 .

for this one it would be d bump/forearm pass

relativism, roughly put, is the view that truth and falsity, right and wrong, standards of reasoning, and procedures of justification are products of differing conventions and frameworks of assessment and that their authority is confined to the context giving rise to them. more precisely, “relativism” covers views which maintain that—at a high level of abstraction—at least some class of things have the properties they have (e.g., beautiful, morally good, epistemically justified) not simpliciter, but only relative to a given framework of assessment (e.g., local cultural norms, individual standards), and correspondingly, that the truth of claims attributing these properties holds only once the relevant framework of assessment is specified or supplied. relativists characteristically insist, furthermore, that if something is only relatively so, then there can be no framework-independent vantage point from which the matter of whether the thing in question is so can be established.

relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. from ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy has felt the need to respond to this heady and seemingly subversive idea. discussions of relativism often also invoke considerations relevant to the very nature and methodology of philosophy and to the division between the so-called “analytic and continental” camps in philosophy. and yet, despite a long history of debate going back to plato and an increasingly large body of writing, it is still difficult to come to an agreed definition of what, at its core, relativism is, and what philosophical import it has. this entry attempts to provide a broad account of the many ways in which “relativism” has been defined, explained, defended and criticized.

explanation: