The image below shows a model of a plant cell.

All cells need energy to live. How do the organelles in the plant cell above work together to get and use this energy?

A.

Mitochondria take in food from the environment, and the nucleus breaks down this food to release its energy to the cell.

B.

The vacuole takes in energy from the environment, and chloroplasts change this energy into a form the cell can use.

C.

Chloroplasts make food using energy from the Sun, and mitochondria break down this food to release energy for the cell.

D.

The nucleus makes energy from materials in the cell, and the vacuole stores this energy until the cell needs to use it.

Aheat engine running backward is called a refrigerator if its purpose is to extract heat from a cold reservoir. the same engine running backward is called a heat pump if its purpose is to exhaust warm air into the hot reservoir. heat pumps are widely used for home heating. you can think of a heat pump as a refrigerator that is cooling the already cold outdoors and, with its exhaust heat qh, warming the indoors. perhaps this seems a little silly, but consider the following. electricity can be directly used to heat a home by passing an electric current through a heating coil. this is a direct, 100% conversion of work to heat. that is, 19.0 \rm kw of electric power (generated by doing work at the rate 19.0 kj/s at the power plant) produces heat energy inside the home at a rate of 19.0 kj/s. suppose that the neighbor's home has a heat pump with a coefficient of performance of 4.00, a realistic value. note: with a refrigerator, "what you get" is heat removed. but with a heat pump, "what you get" is heat delivered. so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump is k=qh/win. an average price for electricity is about 40 mj per dollar. a furnace or heat pump will run typically 200 hours per month during the winter. what does one month's heating cost in the home with a 16.0 kw electric heater? what does one month's heating cost in the home of a neighbor who uses a heat pump to provide the same amount of heating?